Malonyl Coenzyme A, Free Acid
CAS No.: 524-14-1
Synonym(s): Malonyl Coenzyme A, Malonyl-CoAAvailability: 6-8 weeks
Malonyl Coenzyme A (Malonyl-CoA) is a central metabolic intermediate and key signaling molecule that regulates energy balance in mammalian and microbial systems.¹ ² It is formed from acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and serves as the primary building block for fatty acids and diverse polyketides, including antibiotics and anticancer agents.¹ ³ In mammals, it functions as a metabolic switch by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), thereby regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.² ⁴ Its levels are tightly controlled by ACC and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), with roles in cardiac ischemia, hypothalamic appetite regulation, and insulin secretion.² ⁴
Applications
Malonyl-CoA is often a rate-limiting precursor in microbial production of polyketides.¹ ³ Its availability is improved through metabolic engineering strategies such as enhancing acetyl-CoA supply, increasing ACC activity, using CRISPRi to reduce competing fatty acid synthesis, and introducing orthogonal MatBC pathways.¹ ³ Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) further improves flux toward malonyl-CoA-derived products. These engineered systems also enable production of uniformly labeled ¹³C-polyketides used as metabolic tracers in research.¹
Other available forms
