Crotonyl Coenzyme A, Free acid
CAS No.: 992-67-6
Synonym(s): Crotonyl Coenzyme A, 2-Butenoyl Coenzyme A, Crotonyl-CoA, S-2-butenoate Coenzyme AAvailability: 2-3 weeks
Crotonyl coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA) is a short-chain unsaturated acyl-CoA intermediate involved in fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Crotonyl-CoA serves as a substrate for histone crotonylation, a modification associated with active gene transcription. Histone crotonylation is catalyzed by enzymes such as the transcriptional coactivator p300, which also exhibits crotonyltransferase activity. Studies suggest crotonylation can stimulate transcription more strongly than histone acetylation under certain conditions. In mammalian systems, crotonyl-CoA is generated from crotonate via acyl-CoA synthetases such as ACSS2 and is present at lower intracellular levels than acetyl-CoA, making it a metabolic indicator linked to epigenetic regulation.¹
Applications
Crotonyl-CoA is used to study the link between metabolism and gene regulation through histone lysine crotonylation, including p300-dependent transcriptional activation. In inflammatory models, crotonate supplementation increases crotonyl-CoA levels and inflammatory gene expression, while ACSS2 knockdown reduces crotonyl-CoA levels and cytokine secretion. Proteo-metabo-flux analysis and studies of Akt inhibitor activity further help clarify how metabolic changes influence chromatin regulation.¹ ² ³ Crotonyl-CoA also serves as a substrate for crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase (CCR) in studies of ethylmalonyl-CoA formation and microbial carbon metabolism.⁴ It is relevant to antimicrobial enzyme studies involving FabI⁵ and can serve as an internal standard for LC–MS/MS analysis of short-chain acyl-CoAs.⁶
Other available forms
