Crotonyl Coenzyme A, Sodium salt
CAS No.: N/A
Synonym(s): Crotonyl Coenzyme A, 2-Butenoyl Coenzyme A, Crotonyl-CoA, S-2-butenoate Coenzyme AAvailability: 2-3 weeks
Crotonyl coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA) is a short-chain unsaturated acyl-CoA intermediate involved in fatty acid metabolism and cellular regulatory processes. In addition to its role in metabolic pathways, crotonyl-CoA functions as a substrate for histone crotonylation, an epigenetic modification associated with active gene transcription. Histone crotonylation is catalyzed by enzymes such as the transcriptional coactivator p300, which exhibits crotonyltransferase activity. Experimental studies indicate that crotonylation can stimulate transcription more strongly than histone acetylation under certain conditions. In mammalian systems, crotonyl-CoA can be generated from crotonate via acyl-CoA synthetases (e.g., ACSS2). Although present at significantly lower intracellular concentrations than acetyl-CoA, crotonyl-CoA is considered a sensitive indicator linking cellular metabolism to epigenetic regulation.¹
Applications
Crotonyl-CoA is used as a research tool to study the link between cellular metabolism and gene regulation through its role as a substrate for histone crotonylation. In inflammatory response studies, increasing intracellular crotonyl-CoA via crotonate supplementation enhances expression of de novo–activated genes such as Il6 and Cxcl10. In contrast, ACSS2knockdown reduces the crotonyl-CoA pool, providing a method to attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion during immune activation. In cell-free assays, crotonyl-CoA shows that p300-catalyzed crotonylation can stimulate transcription more strongly than histone acetylation.¹ The proteo-metabo-flux approach combines mass spectrometry and computational modeling to trace metabolic precursors into chromatin, helping distinguish whether epigenetic changes are driven by metabolic flux or enzyme activity changes. Monitoring crotonyl-CoA also supports analysis of drug mechanisms, including how Akt inhibitors reprogram metabolic pathways that supply acylation substrates.² These methods help quantify how nutrient availability is translated into transcriptional regulation.¹ ²
Other available forms
