Coenzyme A oxidized, Free acid

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor found in all living organisms, playing a crucial role in various biochemical processes. It is synthesized through the enzymatic conjugation of cysteine, pantothenate (Vitamin B5), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Oxidized CoA is commonly used to investigate CoA disulfide reductase (CoADR) systems, which regenerate reduced CoA in vivo, and to explore its distinct biological roles within cellular systems (Liu et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2012).